the vision of the holy God is both awe-inspiring and frighteningly terrible (9:23–24). Humans either retreat in dread or bow in contrite worship. Because his glory is so consuming, God must wrap himself in clouds and deep darkness in order to protect those who serve and worship him (Ps 97:2–3). Yahweh, being holy, is a קנא, “zealous,” God (Deut 4:24). His zeal motivates him to create and to redeem (Isa 48:9–11). Conversely, when he is spurned, he corrects and punishes (26:14–39). קנא also connotes